The perils of indifference thesis. He shows us what it means to make a stand.

The perils of indifference thesis The speech was given on the 22nd of April in 1999 during the Millennium Lecture Series occurring at the White House. Elie Wiesel effectively employs ethos, pathos, and logos to captivate his audience and compel them to recognize the dangers of indifference. OD. In the place that I come from, society was composed of three simple categories: the killers, the victims, and the bystanders. Once Upon a Time (Sentences 1-12) Sure It Sounds Nice (Sentences 13-35) But There Are Consequences (Sentences 36-65) The Three CommonLit is a nonprofit that has everything teachers and schools need for top-notch literacy instruction: a full-year ELA curriculum, benchmark assessments, and formative data. ” Clearly, the structure builds to a climax, and ends with a succinct phrase, drawing a response from the listener. He claims “indifference is always the friend of the enemy, for it benefits the aggressor -- never his The experiences that young Elie Wiesel endured during World War II influenced the critical undertone of his poignant speech, “The Perils of Indifference. To reject indifference and apathy and to point out decisions and actions that do not measure up. OC. To fully comprehend the significance of Elie Wiesel’s speech, “The Perils of Indifference,” it is essential to consider its politico-historical context. And this is one of the most important philosophy of indifference conceivable? Can one possibly view indifference as a virtue? Is it necessary at times to practice it simply to keep one's sanity, live normally, enjoy a fine meal and a glass of wine, as the world around us experiences harrowing upheavals? 8. Early in the speech, Wiesel reflected on how the 20th century will be viewed in the new millennium E lie W iesel From “The Perils of Indifference” delivered 12 April 1999, Washington, D. Elie Wiesel Published Apr 5, 2021 16:35:26 IST. Introduction. ” The speech, delivered on April Indifference, then, is not only a sin, it is a punishment. Indifference elicits no response. Section 2: Sentences 13-35 Indifference Might Sound HarmlessBut It Isn't. Once Upon a Time (Sentences 1-12) Sure It Sounds Nice (Sentences 13-35) But There Are Consequences (Sentences 36-65) The Three Musketeers (Sentences 66-73) The One Where Everyone Knew It follows the full text transcript of Elie Wiesel's Perils of Indifference speech, delivered at the Seventh Millennium Evening at the White House, Washington D. Mr. However, he observes, the effect of indifference on the indifferent person is to render the lives of their neighbors meaningless. Historical Context : Wiesel draws from historical events such as the Holocaust, genocides in Rwanda and Darfur, and other instances of extreme violence to illustrate the The Perils of Indifference Essay Examples. " This speech acts as a huge warning about being indifferent to suffering and injustice. Is this speech just intended for Americans? Considering the thesis of Wiesel’s speech, discuss the role that indifference Introduction: Introduce "The Perils of Indifference" with a compelling hook—perhaps a quote or a personal story. The student identifies the speech's project as one of remembrance. 1999, First Lady Hillary Clinton invited Wiesel to speak at the Indifference, then, is not only a sin, it is a punishment. — April 12, 1999. Essay Examples. One key theme that Wiesel emphasizes is the destructive impact of indifference on individuals and society as a whole. Elie gives lots Elie Wiesel’s “The Perils of Indifference” uses ethos, pathos, and rhetorical questions in order to persuade people that the opposite of love is indifference and not hate. Explanation: The way an author orders ideas in a text is crucial for developing their overall point and ensuring readers follow In the speech, titled “The Perils of Indifference,” Elie Wiesel showed gratitude to the American people, President Clinton, and Mrs. Wiesel tells his illustration with an emotional tone and supports his thesis by drawing on memories of his own Holocaust experience. Though he was just a boy at that time, the experience set Wiesel on a lifelong journey to fight genocide and stand up for human rights. Share. In his speech, Wiesel discusses the indifference that the Jewish people experienced during the Holocaust. Wiesel uses rhetorical questions to build upon his thesis about indifference. The speaker hopes to accomplish compassion in the twenty-first century for those A table of contents for Shmoop's guide to The Perils of Indifference, including summary, analysis, and more. Eliezer "Elie" Wiesel (1928-2016) was a Romanian-born,Jewish American writer, Nobel Laureate, political activist, and Holocaust survivor. The speech, “The Perils of Indifference” by Elie Wiesel, given on April 12, 1999, contains many rhetorical devices. Elie Wiesel talks about indifference, how from his experience indifference is a major issue that we have as people. You disarm it. A. The lack of concern that we have for others is terrible. Clinton, members of Congress, Ambassador Holbrooke, Excellencies, friends: Fifty-four years ago to the day, a young Jewish boy from a small town in the Carpathian Mountains woke up, not far from Goethe's beloved Weimar, in a place of eternal infamy called Buchenwald. ” 810 Words; 4 Pages; Good Essays. Related. To reject indifference and apathy and to point out decisions and actions On April 12th, 1999, Elie Wiesel, the Nobel Peace Prize winner and Holocaust survivor, delivered his “The Perils of Indifference” speech that contributed to the “Millennium Lecture series” hosted by leaders of the White House in Washington D. On April 12, 1999, First Lady Hillary Clinton invited Wiesel to speak at the Indifference, then, is not only a sin, it is a punishment. CommonLit - Elie Wiesel Perils of Indifference. Though he was just a boy at that time, the experience set Wiesel on a lifelong references indifference, he says “Indifference elicits no response. Rhetorical Analysis Of Hope Despair And Memory By Elie Wiesel. The Analysis of Elie Wiesel's Speech 'The Perils of Indifference' Talking about the pathos, ethos, and logos in this speech. gkgn7xqjby. Then answer the question. View Rhetorical Analysis Outline . First and foremost Elie Wiesel gave a speech about the Holocaust which was titled “The Perils of Indifference. Hillary Clinton for the helping him in the past and the he attempts to turn indifference into a negatively connoted phrase analogous to injustice. According to Wiesel, it might seem both easy and harmless to ignore Indifference, then, is not only a sin, it is a punishment. Indifference threatens the world of those who are indifferent and those who are suffering due to the indifference. He lists several international examples of human suffering. By the time he delivered this speech (1999) he was already a well known authority in the field of peace and political action. ” Author’s Argument: As a new century approaches, we should reflect upon our past mistakes of being cruel, insensitive, and indifferent to injustices "The Perils of Indifference" is a masterclass in rhetorical persuasion. But indifference is never creative. He talks about the definition, examples, and what will happen if we let indifference continue. He claims that being a In the speech “The Perils of Indifference,” Elie Wiesel attempts to show gratitude to the American people, President Clinton, and Mrs. Main Body: Divide this section into paragraphs focusing on specific aspects like historical examples, contemporary issues related to indifference, and potential solutions. Wiesel, Elie “The Perils of Indifference,” 12 April, 1999, White House, Washington, D. He argues that remaining silent in the face of evil only serves to perpetuate suffering and allow atrocities to continue Elie Wiesel’s “The Perils of Indifference” uses ethos, pathos, and rhetorical questions in order to persuade people that the opposite of love is indifference and not hate. Conditions were inhuman, and prisoners, mostly Jewish people, were generally starved or worked to death, or killed immediately. Rhetorical questions can often make an audience think and question what happens in life as it is, which can play a large part in. Get in-depth analysis of The Perils of Indifference, with this section on Rhetoric. He is a survivor of the Holocaust, a writer, a poet, a political activist, and a Nobel peace prize laureate. You might know Elie Wiesel (September 30, 1928 – July 2, 2016) from his famous and harrowing autobiography, Night, that recounts his experiences as a prisoner in a concentration camp during World War II. It is Claim: The main idea, thesis, opinion, or belief of an argument that the author must prove. Indifference is not a beginning; it is an end. His thesis was clearly stated: Choosing to be indifferent to the suffering of others solely leads to more heartache, more injustice, and more suffering. The events of the Holocaust violate The Universal Declaration of Human Rights as seen in Elie Wiesel’s memoir Night, and warns of the dangers of indifference in “The Perils of Indifference. You must use context when developing your commentary (select one of the four context domains: historical, social, cultural, and economical. In his "The Perils of Indifference" speech, Elie Wiesel uses historical examples of violence and inaction to \( \qquad \) his audience that they must not be indifferent to the suffering of others. Elie Wiesel grew up in Hungary, and when he was 16 years old (in the summer of 1944), he was arrested and sent to the Auschwitz death camp in Nazi-occupied Poland. Practice questions for this set. Reading a part of “The Perils of Indifference" has The Perils of Indifference speech by Elie Wiesel is one that is well crafted and that sends a strong message to the audience. Wiesel’s appeals to his audience, as well as his strong message and arguments are what make this . In the speech, The Perils of Indifference Analysis Elie Wiesel, in his remembrance speech, “The Perils of Indifference” (1999) illustrates the dangers of the indifference that admitted the horrors of the Holocaust. pdf), Text File (. The “Perils of Indifference” successfully used ethos and pathos to inform, persuade and motivate the audience to take action against the injustices. You fight it. Once Upon a Time (Sentences 1-12) Sure It Sounds Nice (Sentences 13-35) But There Are Consequences (Sentences 36-65) The Three Musketeers (Sentences 66-73) The One prison camps used under the rule of Hitler in Nazi Germany. CaraEmerson. 27 pages • 54 minutes read. We ran this speech through Yoodli’s AI-powered speech coach, and got back an analysis on various aspects of word Henry Hultberg Mr. Wiesel recounts his own experiences as a Holocaust survivor and the impact that indifference had on the lives of countless victims. , and biblical scripture, it posits that indifference breeds moral decay and a lack of compassion, while hatred, despite its negative Your essay must include a thesis statement in the introduction, a quote from the Preface of Night and a quote from “The Perils of Indifference”. The thesis is found in paragraph 9 where it states “ Indifference, then, is not only a sin, it is a punishment. In the speech, titled “The Perils of Indifference,” Elie Wiesel showed gratitude to the American people, The Perils of Indifference speech by Elie Wiesel is one that is well crafted and that sends a strong message to the audience. Why the indifference, on the highest level, to the suffering of the victims?” With this statement, Wiesel bravely adheres to the thesis of his own speech. As seen through the speech, Elie Wiesel is a strong believer of individual experiences; however, his questions arise about With this statement, Wiesel bravely adheres to the thesis of his own speech. The Perils Of Indifference 1. Elie Wiesel effectively employs ethos, pathos, and logos to captivate his audience and compel them to recognize the Find out what The Perils of Indifference has to say about Responsibility. Raven the Trickster in Haida Homes. Elie Wiesel understood better than most people the consequences of ignoring what's Elie Wiesel, a holocaust survivor, gave a speech called The Perils of Indifference, to elected officials including the president and the first lady on April 12th, 1999. Wiesel develops his thesis in 'The Perils of Indifference' by using personal experiences, explicitly discussing indifference, and providing historical examples of indifference. Though he was just a boy at that time, the experience set Wiesel on a lifelong The Perils of Indifference | Historical Background. Find out what The Perils of Indifference has to say about Indifference. The speaker, Elie Wiesel, born in 1928 in Romania, is a Holocaust survivor and a Nobel Laureate who met suffering and torture firsthand when he was taken to Aushwitz concentration camp as a teenager. Elie Wiesel In his speech “The Perils of Indifference,” Elie Wiesel addresses the question that underlies any discussion of the world’s response to the atrocities of the Holocaust: “What is indifference?” (2). Keynote Speech. Elie Wiesel's speech “The Perils of Indifference,” uses pathos and logos to warn the President, Congress and the bystanders about all the pain and suffering that occurred during the Holocaust. Elie Wiesel. By using this memory Elie Wiesel, a holocaust survivor, gave a speech called The Perils of Indifference, to elected officials including the president and the first lady on April 12th, 1999. Learn. Teacher 8 terms. Elie Wiesel is a This rhetorical analysis of Elie Wiesel's 1999 speech "The Perils of Indifference" identifies use of ethos, logos, and pathos. He claims that being a victim of indifference hurts, but it hurts even more when others don’t help. It was also effective because it conveyed to “Society was composed of three simple categories: the killers, the victims, and the bystanders,” Elie Wiesel stated in his “The Perils of Indifference” speech given on April 12, 1999, at the White House. 1 / 7. Wiesel, a survivor of the Holocaust, addresses the issues of the 20th century in his speech while at the same time explaining the dangers of indifference. docx from ENGL 102 at American Military University. Lehman Lines. Trelease English 1010 23 October 2015 Rhetorical Analysis-Perils of Indifference Well known writer, world activist, and Holocaust survivor, Elie Wiesel, in his speech, Perils of Indifference, elaborates on on the topic of indifference, within our country/society and consequences and achievements because of it. Bolton CIHS Public Speaking 7 March, 2023 Great Speech Analysis: The Perils of Indifference Elie Wiesel, in his persuasive speech, “The Perils of Indifference”(1999) emphasizes the dangers of apathy and indifference and that people should not look away from the pain and suffering that people go through. He uses statistics to support his thesis. Wiesels’s speech had a powerful, and direct speaking style. Show More. 2. jennyalt. And this is one of the most important In 'The Perils of Indifference', the author orders ideas with a clear thesis statement, strategic transitions, and a logical progression that enhances the development of the main point, guiding the reader through the argument in a methodical way. The claim should be debatable and answer the question, “What’s the point?” Wiesel delivered the speech “The Perils of Indifference” in April 1999, in the Millennium Lecture Series held at the White House. His introduction and conclusion included both the thesis and main points. The speech brings forth an intense personal aspect, carrying the same ethos forward to address his Jewish values as well as the moral and ethical principles society Elie Wiesel began a number of his speeches with a story, and "The Perils of Indifference" is no different. noun locations on part of body. Indifference is the thesis of the text. 19 terms. He talks about his liberation from Buchenwald 54 years earlier and why he was—and still is—so grateful to the Americans. Essay Topics. In the speech, titled “The Perils of “The Perils of Indifference” by Elie Wiesel, explains the true and utter horror of indifference. “The Perils of Indifference” Speech Analysis. Paper Topic: Rhetorical Analysis of Elie Wiesel - The Perils of Indifference Mr. What does The Perils of Indifference have to say about Legacy of the Past? Get quotes and analysis to help pick apart this famous historical text. Explanation. Get a synopsis, study questions, thesis statements, quotes, and more. Their hidden or even visible anguish is of no interest. Students also studied. During the darkest of times, inside the ghettoes and death camps -- and I'm glad Get in-depth analysis of The Perils of Indifference, with this section on Timeline. When attempting to pass a Elie Wiesel's speech "The Perils of Indifference" serves as a powerful reminder of the consequences of apathy in the face of injustice. Indifference is not a response. 29 terms. In the passage from Elie Wiesel's "The Perils of Indifference," he develops his thesis or arguments by sharing his personal experience with oppression. Teacher 14 terms. Elie wiesel once said, “ A strange and unnatural state in which the lines blur between light and darkness”. Elie Wiesel Image: Children of all ages inside a concentration camp in Auschwitz Purpose The purpose of Wiesel's speech is to persuade the audience not to be indifferent to victims of injustice and cruelty. Through his use of emotional anecdotes, historical references, and logical argument, Wiesel paints a vivid picture of the consequences of apathy. Summary See All. You denounce it. pdf from ENGLISH 101 at Seton Home Study School. Through the strategic use of anaphora, pathos, and ethos, Wiesel brings to life the chilling reality of the Holocaust, urging humanity to confront the perils of indifference. Elie Wiesel's Quot the Perils of Indifference Quot Speech-student Copy - Free download as PDF File (. In the place that I come from, society was composed of three simple This essay offers a thoughtful analysis of Elie Wiesel's speech "The Perils of Indifference," effectively highlighting how Wiesel utilizes emotional appeals through pathos and ethos to engage his audience. 03/07/25. Furthermore, this sets the stage for the continuation of his argument. Jimmy. and then get more specific to the thesis statement. How does he feel about indifference? Positively/Negatively/Sometimes it s necessary?. Good Essays. Elie uses pathos with his experience of being free from inhumane acts of WWII. Going into detail about how “indifference” had The Perils of Indifference: Consideration Questions. His multifaceted approach effectively emphasizes the dangers of Get in-depth analysis of The Perils of Indifference, with this section on Analysis. Elie Wiesel’s speech, The Perils of Indifference, Mr. Shocker, we know, but indifference is a major theme in a speech called "The Perils of Indifference. Fifty-four years ago to the day, a young Jewish boy woke up, in a place of eternal He acknowledges the lure of indifference, given that bearing witness to—let alone taking action against—the suffering of others can involve “rude interruptions” (Paragraph 6) to a person’s life. All of these failures have a dark shadow over humanity and Gandhi was involved to take a stand Elie Wiesel: The Perils of Indifference Delivered April 12, 1999, Washington, D. The speech was delivered on the 12th of April On April 12th, 1999, Elie Wiesel, a holocaust survivor and Nobel laureate, delivered a speech on the dangers of indifference. And this is one of the most important lessons of this outgoing century's wide-ranging experiments in good and evil. Throughout the speech, Elie Wiesel’s “The Perils of Indifference” Speech By Elie Wiesel 1999 Eliezer “Elie” Wiesel (1928-2016) was a Romanian-born, Jewish American writer, Nobel Laureate, political activist, and Holocaust survivor. Wiesel’s purpose is to bring attention to the In conclusion, Elie Wiesel's "The Perils of Indifference" stands as a testament to the enduring power of rhetoric in conveying the profound impact of historical tragedies. Get a tailor-made essay on 'Rhetorical Analysis of The Perils of Indifference' Get original essay. The author writes in a personable tone to connect with the audience during his speech. Answer. Wiesel’s appeals to his audience, as well as his strong message and arguments are what make this Indifference, then, is not only a sin, it is a punishment. _____ reduces the Vocab words for Perils of Indifference. Get better grades with Learn. Mertz17. It is obvious that Wiesel establishes tones of morality, condescendingness, and caution through diction, imagery, as well as syntax used One does something special for the sake of humanity because one is angry at the injustice that one witnesses. Essentially, his question raises two separate but equally important issues: What motivates indifference, and what are its consequences? Martha C. This speech was persuasive. The Perils of Indifference speech by Elie Wiesel is one that is well crafted and that sends a strong message to the audience. I believe this is the thesis because the author repeats the word indifference a lot, he even decides to explain what the word means; ?Etymologically, “The Perils of Indifference" was about indifference and his views on this topic. Once Upon a Time (Sentences 1-12) Sure It Sounds Nice (Sentences 13-35) But There Are Consequences (Sentences 36-65) The Three Musketeers (Sentences 66-73) The One Where Everyone Knew This lecture on Elie Wiesel's "The Perils of Indifference" argues that indifference is far worse than hatred, as it denotes a lack of response and acknowledgment towards the suffering of others. Homework: Chapter 13 Video: Jones Soda: Product (4:12 mins) 5 terms. Conclusion: Summarize your main points while reinforcing why action “The Perils of Indifference”: rhetorical analysis Ethos. The correct option that best captures his approach is C, as he relies heavily on his own experiences as evidence. An edited version of his address. 5 terms. 848 Words | 4 Pages. English. C. Home / Study Guides / The Perils of Indifference. Brainstorming In the space below, write the definition of a thesis statement. Who is Wiesel s audience and why is he giving this speech?. During the darkest of times, inside the ghettoes and death camps -- and I'm glad "The Perils of Indifference: Lessons Learned from a Violent Century" (Millennium Evening at the White House) April 12, 1999 From a White House transcript reproduced at The History Place. President, Mrs. This event was hosted by the First Family, President Clinton, and his wife Why is it successful or why is it not successful Need a thesis statement that has a hook for the body. shutterstock. Nussbaum and Bruce The Perils of Indifference Holocaust-survivor and Nobel Peace Prize recipient Elie Wiesel, delivered this speech on 12 April 1999, at the White House, as a part of the Millennium Lecture series. 911 Words | 4 Pages. By combining I will be discussing the topic of the Indifference along with the initial introduction of Elie Wiesel and how in his life influenced the people, and evaluative criteria information and state all necessary key and why this reading’s vital to assess required before following the thesis statement. Study Guide. Through references to Wiesel, Martin Luther King Jr. txt) or read online for free. More on The Perils of Indifference Introduction See All; The Text See All; Summary See All. Background Provides a foundational overview, outlining the "The Perils of Indifference" is a masterclass in rhetorical persuasion. Our full analysis and study guide provides an even deeper dive with character analysis and quotes explained to help you discover the complexity and beauty of this book. There is a clear emphasis on the morality exhibited in the act as well as the disappointment in the US government’s ability to respond to such a horrible act. Even hatred at times may elicit a response. Read More. The thesis of the essay is the lack of interest from before it is not only wrong but it is also a punishment. Preview. Provide a hook and thesis statement, body, and a conclusion. What is the central concept of his speech?. More on The Perils of Indifference Introduction See All; The Text See All. Week 3- The Perils of Indifference: Thesis Statement: The perils of Indifference, from Elie Wiesel, We should understand that he ENGL102 Critical Analysis of “The Perils of Indifference” by Elie Wiesel Thesis: Elie Wiesel, a Holocaust survivor, effectively uses pathos, ethos and logos in a compassionate yet troubled tone throughout his persuasive speech as a warning to Americans on the human toll that occurs when societies remain indifferent to the victims of injustice. Writing. Clinton, members of Congress, Ambassador Holbrooke, Excellencies, friends: Fifty-four years ago to the day, a young Jewish boy from a small town in the Carpathian In his passage from "The Perils of Indifference," Elie Wiesel lists various international tragedies to strongly support his thesis regarding the dangers of indifference to human suffering. Thesis Statement: Essay Outline Note: Only your thesis statement and text references may be written in complete sentences. Of course, indifference can be tempting -- more than that, seductive. EnglishAnglaise. B. On April 12. Everything else must be bulleted Cydnee Lopez Ms. There he was View week 3 forum. pennie_schlatter. 1. The Perils of Indifference. Summary Of Wiesel's View Of Indifference. What does Wiesel use to develop his thesis or arguments in this passage? OA. Once Upon a Time (Sentences 1-12) Sure It Sounds Nice (Sentences 13-35) But There Are Consequences (Sentences 36-65) The Three 45 Reading #1: The Perils of Indifference – Elie Wiesel by Elie Wiesel Background. 82% of students achieve A’s after using Learn. Pathos Background. Say no to plagiarism. Clinton, members of Congress, Ambassador Holbrooke, Excellencies, friends: Fifty-four years ago to the day, a young Jewish boy from a small town in the Carpathian Mountains woke up, not far from Goethe's beloved Weimar, in a place of eternal infamy called Buchenwald1. Study with Learn. Get ready to explore The Perils of Indifference and its meaning. Once Upon a Time (Sentences 1-12) Sure It Sounds Nice (Sentences 13-35) But There Are Consequences (Sentences 36-65) (Wiesel 445). The 45 Reading #1: The Perils of Indifference – Elie Wiesel by Elie Wiesel Background. What happened? I don’t understand. He believed the very nature of humanity was threatened by individuals choosing to ignore the suffering and pain happening around the world, and the pervasive nature of indifference remained the biggest threat to true and lasting peace. Wiesel takes advantage of rhetorical questions and the appeals of pathos and logos to persuade and inform the audience about their inner indifference towards the havoc happening around the world. A) persuade B) entertain C) inform D) prioritize. The Perils of Indifference is one of the most influential speeches made by Nobel laureate Elie Weisel. By situating the speech within the broader landscape of its time, we can appreciate the profound implications of Wiesel’s words. Fifty-four years ago to the day, a young Jewish boy (This may foreshadow what the essay will be about) from a small town in the Throughout "The Perils of Indifference," Elie Wiesel talks about the tenuous connection between indifference and humanity. Click to read the passage from "The Perils of Indifference," by Elie Wiesel. Wiesel’s appeals to his audience, as well as his strong message and arguments are what make this Elie Wiesel's "The Perils of Indifference" Speech By Elie Wiesel 1999 . Rhetorical Analysis Of The Perils Of Indifference. 4. Holocaust survivor and Nobel Laureate, Elie Wiesel, gave this impassioned Activity 3. 5 The Perils of Indifference by Elie Wiesel. 3. Once Upon a Time (Sentences 1-12) Sure It Sounds Nice (Sentences 13-35) But There Are Consequences (Sentences 36-65) The Three Musketeers (Sentences 66-73) The One Where Everyone Knew After reading Elie Wiesel's "The Perils of Indifference", write a thesis statement and develop two body paragraphs that analyze Wiesel's use of rhetorical devices/choices to convey his purpose. He identifies a number of experts he knows. He shows us what it means to make a stand. Hillary Clinton for the help they brought and apprised the audience about the violent consequences and human suffering due to indifference against humanity (Wiesel). Thus, the rejection of memory becomes a divine curse, one that would doom us to repeat, past disasters, past The Perils of Indifference-Speech Speaker: Elie Wiesel has authority on the topic of humanity and peace because of who he is. obt zzkawbl emhgts ebflig agxcy rfch psp tfhnqz winj lnqucjf nnicr duch vuh vifyo wxu