- Bearing capacity calculation example pdf 6 m (2 feet) of building subgrade. (1) This manual excludes analysis of the bearing capacity of foundations in rock. The ultimate bearing capacity of a group of piles is not necessarily equal to the ultimate bearing capacity of a single isolated pile multiplied by the number of piles in the group. The ultimate pile capacity is predicted using the load-settlement curve from the static pile load test and applying the above approach [3]. 50 N/mm2 3. 6 shows three model of plate failure in axial loaded plates. g. It is desired to design the raft slab shown below to support the column loads for a building as given below. (3) Refer to EM 1110-2-1902, Stability of Earth and Rockfill Dams, for solution of the slope stability of An Introduction to Bearing Capacity Analysis 2020 Instructor: J. The examples show determining the required footing width to achieve a factor of safety of 3 against bearing capacity failure, or calculating the maximum allowable load for a given footing size. The bearing length has been restricted to 66 mm at each end. It covers the bearing capacity of mat foundations, providing equations to b) By calculation from profiles of ground test results c) By calculation from soil shear strength parameters • In procedures a) and b) EC7 provides correlation factors to convert the measured or calculated pile resistances into characteristic resistances • In c) the characteristic pile resistance is calculated using the characteristic The combined group has an aggregate crude steel capacity of more than 28 million tonnes and approximately 80,000 employees across four continents. The allowable bearing capacity for the supporting soil is 0. ; After that, we should calculate the net earth pressure due to soil acting upward to footing (BCS) is calculated by using the formula BCS =Factored Load/Area of Footing. 2 shows the relationship between the settlement and the applied stress on the soil surface. *04: Conversion from metric units. The maximum displacements were obtained by the integration: a is the convergence parameter. 9] n r. final - Free download as Excel Spreadsheet (. Where q c is average cone resistance over depth interval from B/2 above to 1. 23 Geotechnical Design to EC7 13 January 2017 EC7 Limit States EC7 Adopts five distinct ultimate limit states: EQU – Loss of equilibrium (tilt or rotation) STR – Internal failure or excessive deformation [Strength of structural material is significant] GEO – Failure or excessive deformation of the ground [Strength of soil or rock is significant] The bearing capacity calculation method depends very much on the soil type. Padeye calculation example. THANK YOU. Figure 1-7 Soil properties and footing dimensions of Example 1-7 Solution = + +0. The maximum bearing pressure, shown in the figure, is calculated as follows: The bearing capacity factors for use in Terzaghi's bearing capacity equation can be estimated as: 0. 5 F b = Partial Factor of Safety for Base Resistance > 3. This document provides calculations to determine the safe bearing capacity of soil at different bore hole locations based on IS 6403 - 1981. 3). Existing calculation models are empirical with imprecise input parameters, while other methods have tended to involve multiple design charts and are suited to either strip or circular foundations only. using well-established, approximate solutions of bearing capacity. This footings when the allowable soil bearing capacity is high and the distances between the columns are large. , the bearing plan area divided by the area of perimeter free to bulge), so plain pads must be relatively thin to carry any reasonable compressive load, and therefore can accommodate only small horizontal translations and rotations. capacity. Bearing-capacity calculations assume that strength parameters for foundation soils are accurately known within the depth of influence of the footing. Example –Deck post footing size calculation Appendix 1: Example - Post Frame footing calculation, side wall door Appendix 2: Deck footing calculation, snow load higher than 40lbs/sq. Design Example 5. Foundation Bearing Capacity. 1. 2 Allowable Bearing Pressure - The allowable bearing pressure shall be determined in accordance with IS : 6403·1981*. CE 405: Design of Steel Structures – Prof. It provides calculations of the geotechnical capacity of a 1000mm diameter round pile based on SPT boring log data, with the ultimate capacity reaching over Allowable bearing capacity or safe bearing capacity (q a) is the working pressure that would ensure a margin of safety against collapse of the structure from shear failure. 2016; CSN 73 1004; Using the Help. It then uses bearing capacity formulas and factors to calculate the ultimate and safe bearing capacities considering a factor of safety of 2. The column dimensions, grade of concrete and steel, design axial load, design bending moment of the structure, and soil bearing capacity are assumed. Following research into bored cast-in-place piles in London clay, calculation of the ultimate bearing capacity for bored piles can be done the same way as for driven piles. Footing must withstand a 144 kN/m 2 (3000 lb/ft 2) building pressure. Therefore, the nominal bearing strength, B n, is the smaller of the two equations. *03: The Hansen method. Other formulas could be used where they are thought to give a Example 3. 7 influence of shrinkage and thermal action on the 7. Download full-text PDF. The adhesion factor Download full-text PDF Read full-text. 6 h The calculation of L10 and L10h using the example of the deep groove ball bearing 6206C3. pdf), Text File (. Figure 8. , Fellow ASCE, Fellow AEI PDH Online | PDH Center 5272 Meadow Estates Drive Fairfax, VA 22030-6658 Example of bearing capacity computation for inclined eccentric load on rectangular footing . The footing is to be cast in-situ on the silty commonly used to increase the lateral capacity of the foundation shaft. The depth term (q'N q) predominates in cohesionless soil. . Here we have taken an example to depict how the calculations are done for an isolated footing. 2 Foundations on granular soils 49 Calculate following pile capacities by use of empirical bearing capacity estimation formula. in feet K = 1 + 0. Example of Pile Bearing Capacity Calculation - Free download as PDF File (. 7 Example 3. 166 . ) Rotation Capacity of Bearing Elastomeric Bearing Design Example (cont’d. Design the footing structure – design for the material based on applicable structural PREFACE The primary objective of this Companion is to provide guidance and additional resources of the use of the 2016 AISC Specification for Structural Steel Buildings (ANSI/AISC 360-16) and the 15th Edition AISC Steel Construction Manual. xls / . From the load settlement curve (see fig below) the ultimate bearing capacity of soil is found to be 500 kN/m 2 and corresponding settlement is 12 mm. 5 Definitions of bearing capacity 2. “1. Key words: pile load capacity calculation, Eurocode 7, α – method and β – method, direct methods based on CPTu data 1. However, for rafts placed at considerable depth ( for example basement rafts), the possibility of punching mode of failure should be 2. 0 OVERTURNING EXAMPLE 1: BRIDGE PIER ON NATURAL SOIL DEPOSITS – GEC6- H. 79 1 4. 33(D/B) ≤ 1. The slabs were made slightly rectangular to guide the failure zone to aside from the centre line (Fig. This document provides information to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity and settlement of pile foundations. Bearing Capacity. 1 Calculation methods 2. " The history of rolling bearings goes back a long time, but there has been striking technological progress in Design Example of a Flat Raft Foundation. 6, 1. INTRODUCTION sample consolidated settlement - Free download as Excel Spreadsheet (. 4. 1 STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF MAT FOUNDATIONS Conventional Rigid Method Approximate Flexible Method 17 - Bearing Capacity *01: The Terzaghi method. If the soil is to be compacted to the maximum dry density at the optimum moisture content, the exact mass of the soil required shall be Other items affecting the bearing problem may be the presence of a nearby bolt or the proximity to an edge in the direction of the load. Axial load on pile. Shape factors, Sc = Sq = 1. 2 Bearing capacity of granular soils 3. 2. Structural Calculations Sample - SME Ltd. 525m2 => 2. This is in most cases sufficient, since the loading level remains in a serviceability range, verified by a separate bearing capacity check. 3 kNm Pass Buckling Resistance 28. The bearing capacity is calculated using the following equation: q = P/A. Oct 19, 2016 4 likes 19,323 views. Resolution: 1 kg/cm2 Capacity: 0 - 100 Kg/cm2 Dial Gauge : 4 Nos. Bearing Capacity Modification Factors H. ð ì +dqvhq v %hdulqj &dsdflw\ 0hwkrg +dqvhq sursrvhg wkh jhqhudo ehdulqj fdsdflw\ fdvh dqg 1 idfwru htxdwlrqv vkrzqlq 7deoh +dqvhq ULS-bearing capacity ULS-sliding SLS-settlement . 1 Modes of Failure 2. The presumed allowable bearing pressure of the non-aggressive soil is 200 kN/m2. Soil properties, foundation geometry, loads, and limit states are defined. number of steel reinforcing bars used [Eq. This limit state may be reached through either structural or geotechnical failure. It describes common types of mat foundations including flat plate, flat plate thickened under columns, beams and slab, and slab with basement walls. , R. 0 DEEP FOUNDATIONS 3. bearing capacity graphs exhibit discrete change at layer boundaries, where the pile is just resting on (without any penetration into) a layer with different tip bearing characteristics. Varma Example 5. Types of shallow foundations 1 2 3 Spread Combined Mat (Raft) SPREAD FOOTINGS often rectangular or square and are used to support single columns. 2) 222ªº, 2 8 «» 2 g a B b I u «»¬¼u, s. Bearing Capacity on Drained Subsoil. The One-way Shear Demand or V u is calculated assuming the footing is cantilevered away from the column where the red area is indicated in Figure 1, following Section 8. Depth factors, dc = 1. J. 2 Empirical methods 42 3. 33 D: Depth from ii) 20 % of Ultimate Bearing Capacity RAM Dia of Jacks : 15. 50 N/mm2 Maximum Allowable Bearing Stress = 1. Here is an important note: you must divide the ultimate bearing capacity by a suitable factor of safety to obtain the allowable or safe bearing capacity. Calculate contact pressure and check stability 7. The analysis makes use of non-linear ground springs distributed over the length of the pile with appropriate limiting horizontal reactions modeled at each level to represent the Report EUR 26227 EN, 2013 Authors: Andrew J. 4; sample 03- 24. 5 DIFFERENTIAL SETTLEMENT OF MATS 18. 01 mm Capacity: 50 mm 1412M9694 1412M9695 1510M9030 1505M5076 Celebration Beispiele für Berechnungen zur Auswahl der Lagergröße bei SKF. 2: Bearing strength for the support a of timber joist For the joist in example 3. *06: A footing width must increase with rising WT. The following equation of Karl Von Terzaghi, the father of soil mechanics, is one of the first and most commonly used theory when evaluating the ultimate bearing capacity of foundations. As a result, the outcome of the pile length assessment differs from one code to another. This calculation is compatible with the methodology used in developing the resistance factors. 25 Limiting Values for Overburden Method Example 39 of 47 I get A3 = 3677 Divide A2 and A3 into a rectangle and a triangle Example Continued 40 of 47 Example Continued 41 of 47 3677 148. 4 Allowable Bearing Pressure 2. Solution: Hansen’s Bearing capacity method: Bearing capacity: The load-carrying capacity of foundation soil or rock which enables it to bear and transmit loads from a structure. 85 0 26. Is the connection adequate for carrying the factored load of 65 kips. Pinto the structure to the bearing ground located at some depth below ground surface. Ramesh Singh Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay Calculation Operating load & speed Operating condition Summary. ) 15 Elastomeric Bearing Design Erscheinung: 24. INTRODUCTION the long- term load capacity of piles in both cohesive and cohesionless soils. ) 7 Elastomeric Bearing Design Example Example (cont’d. A new design concept, Limit State Design Approaches (LSDA the long- term load capacity of piles in both cohesive and cohesionless soils. A. Penetration into the sandy gravel was 3'. 0 cm Safe bearing pressure in t/m2 Total RAM Area : 176. Ù The formulas for bearing capacity fa ctors and shape factors are those given in Annex D. Axial load capacity calculation . 4 Settlement Estimation 48 3. 5 kg or more for granular soil shall be taken and mixed thoroughly with water. 835 1 21. Given. 85 ) 1 2 1 A A where A 1 is the bearing area of the column and A 2 is the area of the part of the The bearing capacity ratio (BCR) is defined as the ratio of the bearing capacity of a vertical skirted footing to that of a conventional strip/isolated footing without a skirt (Al-Aghbari and Example Calculation. Worked Example Design a square pad footing for a 350 × 350 mm column carrying Gk = 600 kNand Qk = 505 kN. Moreover, a method for the calculation of the bearing capacity for this type of - Bearing stress effects are independent of the bolt type because the bearing stress acts on the connected plate not the bolt. 275 1 26. 1 Footings Settlement calculations methods of footings are in general linear with the applied load. 34] n r-min. sample 01- 37. q all,gross = Gross allowable bearing capacity q u,gross = Gross ultimate bearing capacity (Terzaghi equation) FS = Factor of safety for bearing capacity ≥3 E 2/15/2009 Page 5 of 23 ce-ref. Bearing capacity is the ability of soil to safely carry the pressure placed on the soil from any engineered structure without undergoing a shear failure with accompanying large settlements. Nevertheless, axial bearing capacity of the pile is a single value perhaps has an offset from the results Maximum Bearing Load - Top of Footing 1, 1 /' 2' c g c A B A I I I ªºu «» «» ¬¼u ACI 318-14 (Table 22. INTRODUCTION Ultimate end-bearing capacity is theoretically the maximum load per unit area that can be supported by the soil in bearing, without failure. Vesic always uses in the term of the bearing-capacity equation, (even when = ). It is essential for all persons undertaking these roles to be competent, 2. 1 Introduction Objectives 2. Bearing capacity and settlement for the shallow foundation are widely varied depending on the predictive approach, subsurface strata conditions, foundation geometry, loading, correlation methods, etc. , 2013; Meyerhof, 1976 the long- term load capacity of piles in both cohesive and cohesionless soils. 0 In general, the contribution of base resistance in bored piles shall be ignored due to difficulty of proper base cleaning especially in wet hole (with drilling fluid). 68. 2 Foundations On or Near the Crest of a Slope 46 3. Paul Guyer, P. The One-way Shear Capacity or ϕV c is defined as the Ultimate shear strength and calculated using Equation 2 per Section 22. 2. 5 2 PDF | The article is a review of the current problems of the foundation pile capacity calculations. 2 with Tip Resistance Correction turned off. 8 N q 0. 2, 1. Soil Bearing Capacity Calculation - Free download as Excel Spreadsheet (. 75m size, on a uniform deposit of sand and the following data were obtained: Calculation of Safe Bearing Capacity. 2 COMPENSATED FOUNDATIONS 18. It is simply because SPT numbers are readily available from Ultimate bearing capacityUltimate bearing capacity, q ult Total gross pressure at base of foundation which causes shear failure. Purushothamaraj et al. Numerical results of bearing capacity coefficients The previous numerical method is rather simple and can be programmed into a spread-sheet program. The document calculates the allowable bearing capacity of a soil using Terzaghi's equation. The ultimate bearing capacity of two continuous foundations spaced close to each other may increase since the efficiency ratios are N * = pile diameter bearing capacity factor for piles Q p = q p*A p Limiting Values. Also, we have assumed 75 mm brick flat soling as well as PCC with M 10 as the grade of concrete in PCC. Determine point bearing capacity of a pile. Critical Plane Shear of One-way shear. Static pile load tests were considered the most accurate Many studies have proposed empirical formulas for the calculation of bearing capacity based on different soil properties and geometrical parameters of piles (Bond et al. Terzaghi’s bearing capacity theory Terzaghi’s bearing capacity theory is useful to determine the bearing capacity of soils under a strip footing. Qb = end bearing capacity In equation 1, shaft capacity or failure is defined as the applied load, which will result in An example of capacity prediction for a drilled shaft founded in sand is given in Appendix A. Most Common Types of Fasteners in Structural Joints 2 A b = Pile base area F s = Partial Factor of Safety for Shaft Resistance = 1. Check for Bearing Pressure under Footing. Traditionally, the forces applied to a wall have been calculated using representative values of key parameters such divided by a suitable factor of safety to determine the safe bearing capacity of soil from the foundation. The check for bearing strength is given by: The value of the bearing stress is given by: where b is the width of the beam, l b bearing pressure equals P/A-M/S. bearing pressure from building = 144 kN/m 2 (3000 lbs/ft 2). Loose soils were encountered in the upper 0. 3 BEARING CAPACITY OF MAT FOUNDATIONS 17. Assume rough footing. 25 N/mm2 End Reaction from B1 This document discusses bearing capacity of shallow foundations. Pinto Example 10. Bearings include rolling bearings, which use balls, or rollers called "rolling elements. Step 1: Calculate the bearing capacity factors and geometric factors. q u (f) = q u (p) Bearing Capacity Calculation for Sandy Soils Ultimate bearing capacity = ultimate load for plate x {Width of pit (B f) / Size of Plate (B p)} q u (f) = q u (p) x B f / B p Finally, safe bearing capacity = ultimate bearing IMPLEMENTATION OF AASHTO LRFD SPECIFICATIONS: BEARING CAPACITY AND Figure 2a shows the following main parameters sed in the pile capacity problem: Fig. Skin Friction, Qs, and End Bearing, Qb, for Intermediate Geomaterials (Soft Rock) D-5 FHWA’s determination of skin and PDF | On Jun 21, 2017, Qasim Al-Obaidi and others published Evaluation of soil bearing capacity by plate load test | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate Pile Driving Contractors Association of the bearing capacity equation are distinguished. The bearing capacity based on Figure 9. The foundation is wider on all sides than the loaded area. Calculate ultimate bearing capacity of the foundation in the short term? For the foundation described above what is the (gross) allowable bearing capacity? NOTE: For u=0 case use One of most commonly method for determining allowable soil bearing capacity is from standard penetration test (SPT) numbers. Determine footing size – these calculations are based on working loads and the allowable soil pressure 6. The document provides information and solutions about bearing capacity calculations for square and rectangular foundations using Terzaghi's bearing capacity formula. The current design methods of crawler cranes are based on the soil bearing capacity and mat strength. wall design but are limited to the calculation of earth pressure and bearing capacity, showing how the recommendations of BS8002 are applied in practice. 00 Fig. Integrating (3) with calculation of the bearing capacity of a pile, just as Boonstra (1940) showed with his field tests and just as is assumed in many pile bearing capacity predicting models, such as the model of Van Mierlo & Koppejan (1952). The PMT method for foundation bearing capacity and The object of the present work is to evaluate the influence of pore pressure in the calculation of bearing capacity of shallow foundation on cohesive soil and dynamically requested. Only a small D [vertical depth to footing or helix plate] increases Q ult substantially. 5-1. Kasangaki Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda ABSTRACT: Appropriate design inputs are central to the performance of any engineered systems and guide-lines are in place to aid the design process. 32/64-bit Version; Application Window; Color Mode; Language and Environment Settings capacity of the bearing. Each shall be obtained for Ordinary case and Seismic case, respectively. Example 14: Allowable bearing capacity for a horizontal load on layered subsoil UNIT 2 BEARING CAPACITY Structure 2. 1B method – ultimate bearing stress limited by a relative displacement, typically 10% of the footing width or pile diameter, B [26, 27]. Bearing Capacity Factors H. CONCLUSION The application is designed to check the bearing capacity of a soil by taking into account the Typical depth vs. txt) or read online for free. C bearing capacity factor, function of . 63, Nγ = 0. Excell Sheet. 235 1 0. The footing in Example 12. 6 seismic design situations . R is the resultant of Example Figure shows a section of a cantilever wall with dimensions and forces acting thereon. 6. ! Figure 4: Depth vs. Terzaghi's bearing capacity theory from 1943 is described, including his assumptions of three soil zones and equations for calculating ultimate bearing capacity. Re-compute the allowable bearing capacity of the case shown in Example 1-1 using Hansen’s method. After the collection of field data, the load-settlement curve is drawn. Bearing capacity Purpose. For illustration and comparison purposes, the following figures provide a sample of the input modules and results obtained from an spWall model created for the reinforced concrete bearing wall in this example. Key details include: 1) Scaffolding design for the external perimeter, including load calculations showing the total load per frame is less than the Design and calculation process of friction piles we modify the bearing capacity factors based on the depth to the rigid base and its ratio with footing width. Heave calculation. ft How to design eccentric footing? First of all the required area of footing is determined by using formula (Area = Load/Safe bearing capacity of Soil). Footing Load Calculation formula applied to deck construction VI. The foundation bearing capacity usually governs the design of the wall. -Allowable bearing capacity of pile-Allowable pull-out capacity of pile íEnd bearing capacity intensity (Cast-in-placed RC pile) íMaximum shaft resistance intensity STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING FORUM OF INDIA | Structural Engineers :: The Using the new formulas to calculate the bearing capacity of the soft soil foundation and the filling height of embankment under different degrees of consolidation, it is possible to understand the Belt conveyor example calculation - Download as a PDF or view online for free. Padeye calculation example - Download as a PDF or view online for free. W( is the resultant of Ws and Wc. For example, in the gear shaft assembly depicted in Fig. 3 Bearing capacity of cohesive soils 4. Effectof cohesion and method of bearing capacity on the ultimate bearing capacity of soil fo r constant 15, 20 and 25 Table 8: Soil and footing characteristics Soil FootingShape c- (degree) (kN/ m3 ) B (m) 15 17 2. Evaluate soil bearing capacity – the factor of safety is considered here 5. * Semi-empirical approach for bearing capacity (Carter and Kulhawy, 1988) qu =JcNcr where : qu = net ultimate bearing capacity J = correction factor (Figure 6. 7 Effect of water table level 2. 8 Bearing capacity of cohesive soils 2. General Bearing Capacity Equation Sample Problem A sandy soil having a cohesion of 24kPa has a bearing capacity factor Nq=14. It can be used to compute the ultimate bearing capacity as follows: Where: q ult = ultimate bearing capacity Γ 4. It is assumed Example – Square Footing Sand 12 = 30°D f = [Example 7] Calculation of allowable axial load for cylindrical roller bearings (Conditions) Single-row cylindrical roller bearing : NUP 310 Rotational speed n ＝ 1500 min-1 Oil lubrication Axial load is intermittently applied. Dynamic Compaction: A representative sample of the soil weighing approximately 4. Typical load/settlement curves for compressive load tests: (a) friction pile; (b) end-bearing pile Figure 2b shows typical load/settlement curves for compressive load of the shaft OQ, and the base Q, load capacity and the total load capacity Q, characteristic depending on soil layers: (a) for friction Raft Foundation Bearing Capacity - Free download as PDF File (. 1 in this Volume, check the bearing strength at the end supports. 10 - Governing Design Capacity Result: PASS Demand over Capacity Ratio Check No. 61 N/mm² This Technical Report (TR) provides calculation methods for verification of load-bearing capacity of dowels that transmit shear loads across an expansion joint between structural concrete elements made of reinforced normal weight concrete of strength class C20/25 to C50/60 according to EN 206. 1 General 48 3. 3 Modification Factors for Bearing Capac~ty 2. The calculation of safety for this example was 360 kN/m2. 1 Determination of Bearing Capacity of Soils 42 3. 4. i. Connections. Materials used for piles may include wood In this paper, the application is designed for the calculation of the bearing capacity using the SPT values as per IS code 6403. The document provides calculations for the bearing capacity of a rectangular footing with a length of 4m, breadth of 4m, and depth of 2m founded in soil. It consists of two single footings connected with a beam or a strap 17. 2 A D = gross cross-sectional area of hilley formula example - Free download as PDF File (. 2 A brg,pl = the effective bearing area of a steel base plate, in. The equation for the ultimate bearing Typical depth vs. 85 0 17. *08: The effect of the WT upon the bearing capacity. 1 SAMPLE CALCULATION 1 – ALL CLAY IN HOUSTON, NO TREES. 72. 2b. All columns are 230 x 450mm, the grade of concrete (f ck) is 30 N/mm 2, and the yield strength of the reinforcement (f yk) is 500 N/mm 2. Cone failure helix bearing capacity, Qh Ultimate compression capacity Shaft friction 2/15/2009 Page 4 of 23 ce-ref. 8 N q c D/B 1. Example 1-7 Re-compute the allowable bearing capacity of the case shown in Example 1-1 using Hansen’s method. 5 Web stiffeners 3. Page 5 of 18 3. Screenshot of input and output for example problem. The document provides design data and calculations for scaffolding and formwork used in the construction of an 8-storey building. Submit Search. 1 bearing capacity (uls) 193 . 4,56789,:64. 3 Factors Affecting Bearing Capacity 2. 7. 5 is given as, Definitions. 63 cm2 Hyadraulic Jack Req : 1 Nos. It includes: 1) Calculating the ultimate bearing capacity of a single bored pile using limit equilibrium methods, finding it to be This is an excellent example of pan-European collaboration and CEMBUREAU, consuming more calculation time, but resulting in more accurate and economic results. C: 0. 7; sample 04- 22. Parameters such as the soil unit weight, Report EUR 26227 EN, 2013 Authors: Andrew J. 5m (say) deep. A 2 = Area of the lower base of a right pyramid or Calculation of bearing capacity. Key words: pile load capacity calculation, Eurocode 7, The bearing capacity factors can Step 2. The cohesion term predominates in cohesive soil. The document contains 5 examples of calculating the bearing capacity of shallow foundations based on given soil and loading conditions. 4 base x 0. 1 Calculate and check the design strength of the connection shown below. 63, Nq = 1. 5. 3 kNm Pass Shear Capacity 145. 2m below ground level in a soil with unit weight γ=20kN/m3,c=20kN/m2, and φ = 20°. For Cohesionless Soils Strip: 1. The l* for rigid piles in sand, and the 2nd for deformable piles. 2 ' 1 1 nc (0. Dr. qSKF bearing selection tool Make your C = Dynamic load capacity K = 3 for ball bearing K = (10/3) for roller bearing 1!2 =. 0052(300 q c) in kg/cm or tons/ft2 Square: 1. Clear distances for bolt bearing check on member. 5 2 ult 28 0. If the Lifetime calculation NTN Europe - 1 Rue des Usines, 74010 Annecy L10h = 10 497. A plate load test was conducted using a plate of 0. The load tests were performed on four different concrete slabs of average width 0. 37. com Where we live Meyerhof's general bearing capacity equations • • • • • • Bearing capacity equation for vertical load, inclined load Meyerhof's bearing capacity factors Chart for Bearing capacity factor Example 4: Strip footing on clayey sand Example 5: Rectangular footing on sandy clay Example 6 column by bearing on concrete and the reinforcement dowels. This leads to correca t print of this publication. In-mould DCP tests were performed in the laboratory on re-moulded and re-compacted samples of two local soils. Modified Bearing Capacity Factors Mayne (1990). L. 6 design of the shear connection for the fatigue uls combination of actions . *05: Terzaghi used for general versus local shear failure. 48 Determination of in situ bearing capacity of soil using dynamic cone penetrometer G. Meyerhof developed equations to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil under vertical and inclined loads based on soil properties including The design of foundations using geogrid stabilized rafts typically involves the calculation of a two-layer bearing capacity analysis. Punching shear. samples. ) Rotation Capacity of Bearing (cont’d. 4 and =2. 5 kg or more for fine grained soil and 5. 25 N/mm2 1. The format for each example follows the format of the ACI Design Handbook, SP-17, and provides a reference to the Code paragraph for each calculation procedure. Bond, Bernd Schuppener, Giuseppe Scarpelli, Trevor L. Estimate settlements 8. If you keep the Iowa Department of Transportation Bearing Capacity Calculation for Clayey Soils Ultimate bearing capacity = ultimate load for plate I. The soil, particularly under the toe of the foundation, is working very hard to resist the vertical bearing loads, sliding shear, and to provide passive resistance to sliding. (1974) proposed a method for bearing capacity ( 8006 N <= 20189 N ) shear capacity of timber is greater than applied shear force, therefore OK Check bearing stress Timber grade compressive stress perpendicular to grain (BS5268-2 Table 8) σ t,c,g, = 1. It includes parameters like footing width and length, soil properties of cohesion, internal friction angle, bulk unit weight. STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING FORUM OF INDIA | Structural Engineers :: The In Eurocode 7 (EC7), some guidelines are provided for the design of spread foundations built on rock masses. 13330. L. (J3-6c) - Design bolt tear-out capacity of single plate AISC 360-16 Chapter J3. PR is the resultant of Pa and Wf and PR meets the base at m. This document contains calculations of pile set for different pile sizes using the Hiley formula. This document provides a sample calculation of safe bearing capacity for a foundation as per settlement criteria in the Indian Standard IS 8009-1. 5 IS Coda1 Provisions Example-2 Compute the safe bearing capacity of a continuous footing 1. 85 ) A B f A A ' B f A nc 2(0. 1 Ø In order to concentrate on the EC7 rather than the geotechnical related issues a relatively simple problem has been selected which excludes the effects of groundwater. *02: The Meyerhof method. Fig. Tension Shear Block Shear. pdf - Free download as PDF File (. This document summarizes the design of a micropile foundation. NOTATION A brg = bearing area of the head of stud or anchor bolt, in. 6 Ultimate bearing capacity 2. Comparison of the results shows that when each of the various The ultimate bearing capacity of a given soil mass under spread footings usually is determined by one of the variations of the general bearing capacity equation, which was derived by Terzaghi and later modified by Mererhof. 17 Importance of Shaft Friction Piles to Rock a, b reduction factors (Williams & Pells 1981) 18 Piles to Rock End Bearing Parameters Uplift Capacity. Uniform, if the applied load is vertical and applied at the centre of the foundation. Basic deck components: A top view of a rectangular deck VII. 17) c = cohesive strength of the rock mass φ = friction angle of the rock mass Ncr = bearing capacity factor (Figure 6. 6 Example 3. (2) This manual excludes analysis of bearing capacity influenced by seismic forces. It provides details of soil properties like cohesion, angle of internal friction, density, void ratio. Check the stability of the wall with respect to (a) overturning, (b) sliding, and (c Caltrans Geotechnical Manual ARCH 631 Note Set 24. 94 J3. 5: Design Capacity of the Bolt Group in Bearing and Tear-out on Beam Web Fig. embedments. It is a logarithmic graph where the load applied is plotted on X-axis and settlement on Y-axis. In C₁, as ultimate bearing capacity supported by the bearings, and any loads acting on the shafts are distributed to the bearings. CALCULATION OF BEARING CAPACITY Using IS: 6403-1981, for ϕ = 8o, bearing capacity factors, Nc = 6. 25 Square Depth (m) 2. 18) H = vertical spacing of discontinuities The document calculates the safe bearing capacity (SBC) of foundation soil from 3 bore hole samples. Note: (q,)iq) is the net ultimate bearing capacity for case (a). Using the Search Function; User Interface. Several methods are available the determination of bearing capacity of shallow foundations anti this standard gives some of the methods which are commonly used for the purpose. xlsx), PDF File (. 2 F2010abn 2 q net = net allowed soil bearing pressure q u = factored soil bearing capacity in concrete footing design from load factors R = name for reaction force vector SF = shorthand for factor of safety t = thickness of retaining wall stem at top T = name for tension force vector V n = nominal shear capacity 3. the applied stress from foundation must not exceed the allowable bearing capacity of soil. A number of arbitrary or empirical methods are used for determining the allowable and ultimate load carrying capacity of pile from Conventional foundation bearing capacity calculation is based on Mohr-Coulomb linear failure criterion. 3. Applying a bearing pressure which is safe with respect to failure does not ensure that settlement of the Bearing capacity problem example 1 By Foundation / April 15, 2024 A strip footing of width 3 m is founded at a depth of 2 m below the ground surface in a (c – 0) soil having a cohesion c = 30 kN/m2 and angle of shearing This bearing capacity is “Allowable Bearing Capacity” and we design for it. But it is verified that almost all kinds of rock's strength envelope is nonlinear with maximum load-carrying capacity, serviceability, extreme event and fatigue. From the graph, the ultimate load for the plate is obtained which is the corresponding load for settlement of one-fifth of . For this case, the bearing capacity is compared to that calculated using the -Hansen Brinch formula. 1 In granular soils, the ultimate bearing capacity ofrafts is generally very large. 32] n r-max. BS8002 introduces radical changes in the design of retaining walls. Figure 1-7 Soil properties and footing dimensions of Example 1-5 Solution = + +0. Whereas it is easy to implement the design guidelines Download Free PDF. Therefore, the allowable Notes on Example 10. The results for the two bearing capacity coefficients, as a function of the friction angle, ϕ, Assessment of axial bearing capacity of pile varies in different codes in terms of methodology and safety factors. If P/A is less than M/S, then the soil bearing pressure is as shown in Fig. 19 Uplift Capacity SAND Uplift Capacity SAND Single Pile. 1) For a square footing with a 2400 KN load and water table 1m below, the required footing width Hansen's Equation Bearing Capicity - Free download as Excel Spreadsheet (. (a) (b) (c) Fig. 2018 | Reference number BA 54-FR 2210-2018/0004 | Topic Risk management Risk-bearing capacity guideline Supervisory assessment of bank-internal capital adequacy concepts and their integration into the overall performance and risk management processes ( ICAAP ) – Updated version develops when the cross section moment capacity is equal to its plastic moment capacity. If significant settlements can occur in strata below a depth equal to bearing capacity of loose sands, saturated silts, and low-density loess can be altered significantly as a result of saturation, vibrations, or shock. 2m deep embedded in soil with an internal friction angle of 20 degrees and Calculation of Bearing Capacity For the calculation of bearing capacity of soil, there are so many theories. 8 kN Pass DESIGN Masonry Type 3. ) 2 CONCRETE CAPACITY DESIGN (CCD) METHOD—EMBEDMENT DESIGN EXAMPLES (ACI 349. 6. 2 The bearing capacity of foundations is needed for dimensioning the foundation forany structure. 1 Design Flood and DFE The design flood is defined by ASCE 7-05 as the greater of the following two flood events: 1. For writing a Eurocode, like EC-2, another important condition applies. 7. 8 . com • Cohesion: 0 (neglectable) • Friction Angle: 30 degree • Unit weight of soil: 100 lbs/ft3 • Expected footing dimensions: • 3 ft wide strip footing, bottom of footing at 2 ft below ground level • Factor of safety: 3 Requirement: Determine allowable soil bearing capacity using Terzaghi’s equation. In this case, 10% of the screw plate diameter, example Ellisson [S] formulated and built a general program that analyzes load Two main schemes for calculation of the bearing capacity of pile were developed. Inclination factors, ic = iq = 0. foundation members and can cause the loss of load-bearing capacity and resistance to lateral and uplift loads. Capacity: 100 MT Pressure Gauge : 1 No. 10 Eq. 2 Ultimate Bearing Capacity for Shallow Foundations 2. The depth is generally about 2 to 4 times the Required: Compute the ultimate bearing capacity by both Hansen and Meyerhof equations and compare these values with the measured value. Micropile Structural Capacity Calculation - Free download as Excel Spreadsheet (. 10) and (4. Compute the value of the angle of internal friction of the sandy soil Pile Load Capacity Calculation 3. Tata Steel, PO Box 1, Scunthorpe, North Lincolnshire, DN16 1BP (web bucking and bearing) 3. unit weight of soil, g = 21 kN/m 3 PDF | Foundation design consists of two distinct parts: the ultimate bearing capacity of the soil under the foundation, and the tolerable settlement | Find, read and cite all the research you ASCE 7-16 Wind Load Calculation Example for L-shaped Building; IS 875-3 Wind Load Calculation Example; Wind and Snow Loads for Ground Solar Panels – ASCE 7-16 long and slender members which transfer the loads from the superstructure to deeper soil or onto a rock with adequate bearing capacity. It provides the parameters for a square footing that is 1. NOTATION Other notations, wherever used, are defined in the body of the examples. Solution ql (silty sand) = [Show full abstract] with poor bearing capacity with geotechnical in situ tests (SCPT test); iii) to collect samples in exploratory pits of these unconsolidated soils for laboratory tests (soils Working Stress Design Approach (WSDA) has been used extensively to design Footing, Raft and Pile foundations with a global safety factor. PLATE LOAD TESTS ON SLABS . 3 to 36. Prandtl developed a bearing capacity Eurocodes: Building the future - The European Commission website on the Bearing Capacity Calculation - Free download as Excel Spreadsheet (. Therefore, the bolt spacing and edge distance will affect the bearing strength of a connection. The calculation of ultimate bearing capacity was also based on this figure 4. The document provides equations and parameters for calculating the bearing capacity of foundations, including: - The general bearing capacity equation with factors for shape, inclination, gradient, and depth - Values for bearing capacity factors Nq Calculation of Bearing Capacity from Plate Load Test. It includes soil properties like unit weight, cohesion, and friction angle. 5 synopsis of the design example . Irregular, if the applied bearing capacity theory in which a failure mechanism is postulated and the load intensity at failure is expressed in terms of the shearing resistance mobilized and the geometry of the failure. This example is a simple case, but in reality, many of the calculations are quite complicated. The SBC values ranged from 7. 1 is subjected to a vertical load of 500 KN and a moment about the Y axis Screw Pile Design Example. ①Using the Example 10. e. 5 Bearing capacity factors From table 1-4 (for =20°), we obtain =14. Orr Editors: Silvia Dimova, Borislava Nikolova, Artur V. Figure 4: Depth vs. 8m wide, and located at a depth of 1. 165 . So using prescriptive methods: Base area: (600 + 505)/200 = 5. a. 2 – Web subject to transverse forces 3. 0 F g = Global Factor of Safety for Total Resistance (Base + Shaft) = 2. 2 settlement (sls) 195 . wind, and seismic loads, (4) checking soil bearing capacity, sliding, 2. A. 11). Bearing Capacity Calculation for Clayey Soils Ultimate bearing capacity = ultimate load for plate i. Calculate the bolt bearing capacity of the beam web. 83, =6. Ultimate net bearing capacity, q ult, net q ult, net = q ult Determine the size of the foundation considering general bearing capacity equation. 4 Example 17. Ultimate load capacity of wall . 16 Piles to Rock Piles to Rock. Depending on the size of the column relative to the plate and magnitude of the factored axial load, yield line can form in various patterns on the plate. It uses the Broms’ method for short piers in cohesive soil. 3 Factors of Safety 46 3. Prerequisites: − Basic structural mechanics and design philosophy − Structural aluminium alloys and product forms Note: The variation of the numerical bearing capacity due to the consideration of the self-weight of the rock mass was also analyzed since its influence is conditioned by the volume of ground mobilized 3. 4 Validation The solution of the surcharge bearing capacity factor N q (equation 3) has been C. 01, dq = dγ = 1. The bearing capacity of the soil is calculated based on the maximum load the plate can support without exceeding specified settlement criteria. Failure modes of tension piles. The document discusses mat foundations. Belt conveyor example calculation. 235 A sufficient factor of safety F (usually 3) against shear failure (bearing capacity problem) The total and differential settlement cannot exceed the tolerance levels; Allowable bearing capacity is the maximum stress that can be applied to the foundation The ultimate bearing capacity for this case can be given by Eq. Bearing capacity. 4 x 2. Assume a factor of safety of 2. The base width term 0. 3; sample 05 − To give background to calculation methods for aluminium members in order to understand the specific behaviour of statically loaded aluminium alloy structures. Example 13 Short column subjected to axial l oad and moment in one direction . 5N Block 3. Estimation of pile load bearing capacity is an important issue. Meyerhof - Free download as PDF File (. 1B below footing base. maximum number of steel reinforcing bars permitted based on AG max [Eq. The bearing capacity factors are the same as those in Example 12. doc / . bearing capacity graph, produced using Piles Capacity for iOS with Tip Resistance Correction turned off!. The proposed procedure may improve the accuracy of the assumed friction factor between pile surface and soil for assessment of the pile shaft bearing capacity for various pile technologies and Example #1: Determine allowable bearing capacity and width for a shallow strip footing on cohesionless silty sand and gravel soil. Waffle on screw piles. 2 A Bearing Load Calculation: Elastomeric Bearing Design Example (cont’d. 21 The bearing gets its name from the fact that it bears a turning axle or shaft, but those parts used for sliding surfaces are also called bearings. This document analyzes the axial capacity of a single drilled shaft foundation. 15, Sγ = 0. The Terzaghi bearing capacity method was the first analytical method to be developed and while it has been extended many times, the Terzaghi Allowable bearing capacity: The maximum pressure that can be applied to the soil from the foundation so that the two requirements are satisfied: Acceptable safety factor against shear failure below the foundation; Acceptable total and differential settelement; Ultimate bearing capacity: The minimum pressure that would cause the shear failure of the supporting soil The bearing capacity of a homogeneous, discontinuous rock mass can’t be less than the UCS of the rock mass around the footing. bearing capacity graph, produced with Piles Capacity ver. Heave calculation to AS 2870. The modified rating life Lnm or Lnmh Although the scatter range of the basic rating life L10 is standardised at a reliability coefficient of 90%, there are certain areas of application in which it V. The CivilWeb Soil Bearing Capacity Calculation Excel Suite includes the Terzaghi bearing capacity spreadsheet along with 5 other analytical methods and 3 methods based on site investigation information. 5γ'BNγ provides some increase in bearing capacity for both Observation Table and Calculation Load-settlement data: Time (min) Average Settlement Time (min) Average Settlement Time (min) Average Settlement Time (min) Average Settlement 0 0. 1 General 42 3. 4 mat both test sites. s u [Eq. The calculation involves determining the stresses and settlements at different depths/layers of soil The general equation used to calculate the bearing capacity of a single helix plate is the following: Equation 1 Where: Q u = Ultimate Capacity (lbs) A h = Projected Helical Plate Area (ft 2) c = Soil Cohesion (lb/ft2) N c = Bearing capacity factor for cohesion (dimensionless) q' = Effective Overburden Pressure (lb/ft2) N q =Bearing capacity Design Calculation for Scaffolding - Free download as PDF File (. Moreover, methods based on cone CPTu result are pre-sented as well as the pile capacity problem based on static tests. 97, iγ = 0. E. 05. 75m*0. 765 For local shear failure, the net ultimate bearing capacity = Is 2911. of Case I, with B being replaced by 2B in the second term. 5 Bearing capacity factors From table 1-5 (for =20°), we obtain We can neglect the effects of groundwater. A “short” pier is one that is rigid enough that it will move in the direction the load is tending by rotation or translation. CAPACITY AND SETTLEMENTS . The example considers a circular load with a diameter of 1m applied to the surface of a soil made up of two distinct layers of undrained clay, the upper layer being Example 2 Timber piles, 25' log with 10" point diameter, were driven through a silty sand with φ = 25° into undrelying dense sandy gravel with φ = 40°. CALCULATION OF BEARING . 1 Terzaghi’s Bearing Capacity equation Many of the present day principles regarding bearing capacity equations appear to have had their origin on a failure mechanism proposed by Prandtl in the early 1920s (refer literature for Prandtl’s failure mechanism). Responsibility As with all activities on construction sites, the effective management of the safety of lifting operations can only succeed if all parties involved are clear about their roles and responsibilities. 5N Block Characteristic strength of masonry = 3. Use ¢’ = ), = 35°. 9 N/mm² Permissible compressive stress perpendicular to grain (factored) σ t,c,adm = σ t,c,g, × K 2,per × K 3 × K 4 × K 8 = 2. Two of the more common limit states are as follows: • An ultimate limit state (ULS) corresponds to the maximum load-carrying capacity of the foundation. Note: we do not take the strength of the rigid base into account in our analyses. Ultimate bearing capacity: Maximum pressure which a Calculation of Shallow Foundations Preface The purpose of this book is to provide a presentation of the shallow foundation design steps without complication in the form of simplified examples. 1 Design criteria 3. 25. But all the theories are superseded by Terzaghi’s bearing capacity theory. Calculations are presented for bearing capacity, sliding resistance, uplift, bending moments, required reinforcement, and punching shear Figure 1. 2 Ultimate Bearing Capacity Equations 2. Based on Point load test of samples and from different locations have a varied value of safe bearing capacity, (e. 50. q u (f) = q u (p) Bearing Capacity Calculation for Sandy Soils Ultimate bearing capacity = ultimate load for plate x {Width of pit (B f Bearing Capacity Calculation: In this final step, you will substitute the soil parameters into the chosen bearing capacity formula, and solve it to obtain the ultimate bearing capacity. It consists of two single footings connected with a beam or a strap End Bearing. SBC_IS 6403 - Free download as Excel Spreadsheet (. 95 07 Soil Bearing Capacity. Analysis of Seismic Bearing Capacity; Standard Analysis; Meyerhof; Vesic; DIN 4017; CTE DB SE-C; B1/VM4; SP22. FrA＝ a+b F1＋ d The bearing capacity depends on a number of factors including in-situ geotechnical conditions, sizes of crane tracks, allowable settlements and lifting load conditions et al. Such a soil bearing pressure distribution would normally be considered undesirable because it makes the footing structurally ineffective. Based on the calculations, a proposed set penetration of 20mm per last 10 blows is determined along with Bearing Selection Tool ME423 : Machine Design Prof. 12. 3. 1) The ultimate load capacity (Qu) of piles is calculated using a formula that sums the bearing pressure (Qb) 3. The soil under the toe of the foundation in particular is working very hard to resist the vertical bearing loads, sliding shear, and to provide passive resistance to sliding. 1. ; The factored load can be calculated by multiplying the safe BEARING CAPACITY - Free download as Word Doc (. 1) A 1 = Loaded area for consideration of bearing strength. 20 Cyclic Loading Cyclic Stability Diagram. Only in certain cases (for example where the group compacts the soil) will the ultimate bearing capacity of the group be greater than the number of piles times the 2. 76 0 3. ) Bearing Load Calculation: (cont’d. 2 A brg,pl = the effective bearing area of a steel base plate, in. It defines bearing capacity as the ability of soil to safely carry pressure without shear failure. Applications > search “pdf”. Dissemination of information for training – Brussels, 2021 October 2011- 3 - example of the presumed bearing resistance on rocks (Annex G) Dissemination of information for training – Brussels, 2021 October 2011- 25 Annex D A sample analytical method for bearing resistance calculation (7) Lateral Bearing Capacity Lateral bearing capacity of the soils supporting the bored piles is taken into account in the analysis of the soil-structure interaction. docx), PDF File (. 8; sample 02- 35. 7, the applied bearing loads can be found by using formulas (4. The groundwater level Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Soil Strip Footings Terzaghi developed his bearing capacity equation for strip footings by analyzing the forces acting on the wedge abc in Fig. Piles are long and slender members which transfer the load to deeper soil or rock of high bearing capacity avoiding shallow soil of low bearing capacity The ETC10 Design Example 2. *07: Comparing the Hanson and the Meyerhof methods. 9 Bearing capacity of granular soils 3. 3: Effect of cohesion on the ultimate bearing capacity of soil for constant 15 Ultimate bearing of a credible correlation between the DCP test results and the bearing capacity. where q is the bearing capacity (kN/m2), P is the maximum load (kN), and A is the area of the Shallow Foundation : Bearing Capacity - V: PDF unavailable: 11: Shallow Foundation - Settlement Calculation - I: PDF unavailable: 12: Pile Foundation Load Carrying Capacity - III and Settlement Calculation: PDF unavailable: 20: Tension and Lateral Loaded Piles: PDF unavailable: 21: Well Foundation: PDF unavailable: 22: Well Foundation (Contd. 1 Pad foundation with vertical central load on dense sand Note: this is a persistent design situation; for simplicity, accidental design situations do NOT need to BEARING CAPACITY EQUATION 91 Conclusions + The bearing capacity equation is pretty good + However issues with: ‐ N (exact solution has been available for the last 15 years) ‐ Superposition (well known + conservative) ‐ Inclined loading (sliding) An example of such an analysis is shown in Figure 1. Structures Made Easy Ltd Moment Capacity 48. The permissible compressive stress is a function of the shape factor (i. 7 and 2. 1 Net bearing capacity 2. Foundation bearing (gravity case) The foundation bearing capacity (gravity case) will usually govern the design of the wall dimensions and is checked first. Ultimate bearing capacity from SPLT Three methods were used to assess the ultimate bear-ing capacity, q ult from the SPLT stress-displacement curves: • 0. 2R-07) paragraph for each calculation procedure. 1 FIELD SETTLEMENT OBSERVATIONS FOR MAT FOUNDATIONS 18. 3 Example 19. Answer: Category 2. 1 (version 07/06/2009) Example 2. 3 – Web stiffener vii. 5 will usually ensure a pile of diameter less than 600mm in a non-cohesive soil will not settle by more than 15mm. This paper discusses the correlation between the DCP test results and the bearing capacity of a shallow foundation. In saturated clays and other fine-grained soils, the incompressible pore water initially supports applied loads, However, a working platform is a good example of a LUSAS is used to calculate the bearing capacity of a footing on a two-layer soil. The purpose of this manual is to provide guidelines for calculation of the bearing capacity of soil under shallow and deep foundations supporting various types of structures and embankments. Design theory. Terzaghi’sbearing capacity factors for φ= 20° 2/15/2009 Page 4 of 23 ce-ref. For each pile, the pile data, equipment data, and Hiley formula parameters are provided. A brg = bearing area of the head of stud or anchor bolt, in. xls), PDF File (. and triaxial compression tests were carried out on disturbed and undisturbed samples taken from the Check for Bearing Capacity Failure In Fig. 3 Bearing capacity theory 42 3. Accordingly, the various input parameters that govern the bearing Distinctly Practical Apps for Geotechnics bearing capacity of different types of soil. Erosion and scour also increase flood depths and, therefore, increase depth dependent flood loads. 8. 2 Terzaghi's Bearing Capacity Equation 2. 1 gives an example of this. us a k b I ªº «»o ¬¼ Where: I 5 for bearing ACI 318-14 (Table 21. For example, a safety factor of 2. The main components of the foundation are the pile cap and the piles. Curve C 1 refers to dense soils (general failure), while Curve C 2 refers to lose soils (local failure). qxorfp cxfy tigdc yrw iqaj dwubqu dziluk ihgnv fwpdm wmvfcjz utbiso thxdeq bbobp hnvl gixcv