How to continue script when element is not found in selenium python. Keep your scripts running smoothly without interrupti.

How to continue script when element is not found in selenium python This will return true if at least one element is found and false if it does not exist. NoSuchElementException: Message: no such Mar 17, 2025 · Here's a common scenario when using Selenium: wait until an element is visible. However when I modified the script to run headless, it fails saying unable to locate element. Jul 3, 2024 · Learn how to efficiently check for non-existing elements in Selenium with Python to speed up your tests and avoid costly exception handling techniques. Selenium Waits is a mechanism that helps to address this issue, it instructs the automation script to wait for a certain condition to be met before we move on to the next stage. We will start by discussing the basics of Selenium and Python. Selenium cannot directly interact with the element that is inside the iFrame element. try: self. ElementClickInterceptedException: Message: element click intercepted: Element is not clickable with Selenium and Python Asked 6 years, 2 months ago Modified 2 years, 11 months ago Viewed 100k times Mar 28, 2025 · Learn how to use Selenium wait commands in Python to handle dynamic web elements efficiently. 6 days ago · In web automation, JavaScript popups (alerts, confirms, prompts) are common, especially after critical actions like form submission. find_element_by_class_name(u&quot; Dec 1, 2019 · If your use case is to validate the presence of any element, you need to induce WebDriverWait setting the selenium. 40 I am writing automation test in Selenium using Python. until(EC. Mar 11, 2021 · I found a workaround by using: condition = [] while condition == []: condition = driver. execute_script ()` method to scroll to an element. This comprehensive guide will teach you everything you need to know, from installing the necessary software to writing the code to scroll to an element. Evaluating entire DOM When the find element method is called on the driver instance, it returns a reference to the first element in the DOM that matches with the provided locator. openqa. In this article, we will explore what causes this exception, how to handle it, and provide May 23, 2017 · I know this has been asked lots of times before but how do you get around the &quot;element not interactable&quot; exception? Here is my code: button = driver. Keep your scripts running smoothly without interrupti Dec 18, 2020 · I'd like to execute find_element_by_class_name using selenium in google colaboratory. Sep 1, 2024 · A step-by-step Selenium Python Tutorial to run your first automation tests in Selenium and Python using code samples and examples. Oct 18, 2025 · Discover the simple steps on How to Scroll Down in Selenium Python, a powerful Web Automation tool, and optimise your testing workflows. The verify approach might help but if you're new to Selenium I'd recommend exporting your test from the IDE and playing with the code. This setup is necessary to run Selenium tests and automate interactions with your web browser. If you think the element may not exist your code should be Apr 14, 2013 · This post is written to resolve Element not found exception occurs in Selenium WebDriver and in this post you will learn best ways to resolve this issue. An element can be a tag, property, or anything, it is an instance of class selenium. find_element_by_id( Apr 30, 2025 · Learn advanced Python web automation techniques with Selenium, such as headless browsing, interacting with web elements, and implementing the Page Object Model pattern. These popups interrupt the normal flow of a test, and failing to handle them can cause your Selenium script to crash. Jan 19, 2017 · 226 You are trying to run Java code with Python. And they can’t explain why my test script works even using the explicit/webdriver wait. In this case programm will wait max 10 sec until given condition will be satisfied. The following code will help you find the element by controlling and ignoring StaleElementExceptions and handling them just like any other NoSuchElementException. Aug 21, 2013 · I need your help. Note: I'm running this on a Windows computer, but the idea should remain the same on a different operating system. It takes the command from the user and sends them to a Web Browser like Chrome, or Apr 14, 2013 · This post is written to resolve Element not found exception occurs in Selenium WebDriver and in this post you will learn best ways to resolve this issue. Actions are reflected in ActionChains class: Jul 12, 2025 · Selenium's Python Module is built to perform automated testing with Python. In this article, I will show you how to deal with the most Tagged with testing, webdev, python, tutorial. What I want : I am facing issue while optimizing my automation script. element_text: It is the text for which the webdriver needs to wait before clicking on that element. Nov 23, 2019 · The page does not have an element with that ID. Explore implicit, explicit, and fluent waits with examples. find_element* will throw if the element is not found. Oct 12, 2020 · 6 I just started learning Selenium and need to verify a login web-page using a jenkins machine in the cloud, which doesn't have a GUI. While executing the tests, it is common to encounter timeout exceptions. Try-catch should only be used to catch unexpected situations. Dec 3, 2024 · Solving NoSuchElementException in Selenium: A Step-by-Step Guide Selenium is one of the most popular frameworks for automated web testing. exceptions import NoSuchElementException then used: if Newest_tab_butt Mar 31, 2019 · When you use driver. My script is as follows: Aug 7, 2020 · When I look up the page manually no pop-up occures but when I use selenium on python this occures: image of pop up I already tried a lot of things like blocking pop ups in general, or trying to click on the accept button. These validations are essential for verifying whether the application under test meets predefined criteria, making them a cornerstone of automated testing. This blog post discusses NoSuchElementException, why it occurs, and how to fix NoSuchElementException in Selenium with Java. It takes the command from the user and sends them to a Web Browser like Chrome, or Learn how to scroll to an element using Selenium Python with this easy-to-follow tutorial. linkText (element_text))); Here, seconds: These are the seconds for which we want the user to wait for the visibility of the element. . Use scrolling to bring the element into view, if required. That's what the issue is with your first code block so checking with if won't matter. The find-elements (plural with 's') will return an empty list. Dec 1, 2023 · Learn how to scroll to a specific element using Python and Selenium. This guide covers methods like find_element_by_id for precise web element selection. Mar 7, 2025 · Locating element is a crucial part in Selenium automation testing. Jun 15, 2011 · Using webdriver find_element_xxx() will raise exception in my code and take us the waiting time of implicit/explicit webdriver wait. In this guide, we will explore how to keep your Selenium script running seamlessly, even when certain elements are absent. In Python/Selenium, the org. If those conditions are not met at the time of execution, Selenium will throw NoSuchElementException. Feb 25, 2022 · I'm trying to create an if statement with python selenium. Aug 16, 2025 · Possible Solutions Use actions appropriate for the element type (e. Sep 18, 2020 · We can introduce a try / except block. Mar 21, 2025 · 2. Jan 18, 2025 · Assertions in Selenium Python are statements that validate the expected output of a test case against its actual result. The way you have it is a string comparison and may or may not work. One of the common issues encountered during the test execution is NoSuchElementException. Ensure locators uniquely identify the intended element to avoid incorrect matches. iFrames in Selenium have their own separate DOM and have to be treated likewise. These include: The element you’re trying to scroll into view is not visible. I d I am writing a selenium script by python, but I think I don't see any information about: How to get http status code from selenium Python code. Whether it’s a success message, a confirmation prompt, or a request for additional input, Selenium WebDriver provides built-in methods to When using something like devtools, just right clicking an element and extracting the Xpath is going to give you a horribly long and hideous xpath locator - those are almost always going to break and are extremely brittle. How can I check if an element exist with web driver? Is using a try-catch really the only possible way? Jan 12, 2017 · 2 Overview : I have already prepared the automation script in Selenium Web driver script in Java which will login into a website and make the selections automatically and once the selections are completed it will run the report. something(), driver. webelement. In my humble opinion all the other examples that are using try-catch to see if an element exist are bad programming style. You think your selector is working, but somehow the element cannot be fou Learn how to check if an element exists in Python Selenium with this comprehensive guide. 6 days ago · By default, Selenium throws a NoSuchElementException when it cannot locate an element, causing the script to crash abruptly. ” This common issue arises when your Selenium script tries to interact with a web element that simply isn’t there, or at least, not where your script expects it. As your test scripts grow in complexity, the chances of encountering unexpected issues increase. By the end of this tutorial, you'll be able to scroll to any element on any web page using Selenium Python. Web Drivers act as a mediator between the user and the web browser. Nov 6, 2023 · NoSuchElementException is one of the most common exceptions in Selenium, which occurs when an element is not found on the page. Chrome(executable May 9, 2025 · What are iFrames in Selenium? Selenium operates in the context of the current HTML, handling iFrames in Selenium requires a different approach. I managed to run the script successfully on my system which has a UI. If the method returns an element, then the element exists, but if the find_element () method throws NoSuchElementException, then we can say that the element does not exist. Sep 6, 2025 · First matching element Many locators will match multiple elements on the page. Jun 12, 2024 · generally, a good way to catch an exception in Python is to let it run its course. For robust automation, it’s critical to handle such errors gracefully so the script continues running, logs the issue, or takes alternative actions. , use sendKeys with <input> fields only). I want if there is some element do something, but if there is no element pass, but it's not working. And waiting elements with driver. Dec 12, 2019 · When you are writing Selenium/WebDriver automation scripts you will probably run into the exception NoSuchElementException. loadingWhiteBox. But script fails when element is not present, I want to continue to next statement if element is not present. This can be caused by a number of factors, such as the element being hidden, disabled, or outside of the browser’s viewport. Here, learn why waiting matters and how to do it. Then, we will show you how to use the `selenium. If the element is found before the time elapses, the script will continue immediately. Explore examples covering different methods and scenarios. Oct 8, 2013 · This post might be helpful: http://stackoverflow. common. Jul 3, 2024 · Learn how to handle the Element Not Found exception in Selenium WebDriver for mobile app automation with Appium. Finally, we will provide some examples of how you can use this method in your own scripts. In the except block, we shall throw the NoSuchElementException in case the element does not exist on the page. One common issue that testers encounter is the NoSuchElementException. Master techniques for checking image presence, attributes, and loading status in web automation. We can also verify if an element is present in the page, with the help of find_elements () method. Output: Jul 23, 2025 · Dynamic Web Applications often load asynchronously making it difficult to predict whether a particular element we want to interact with is available for interaction or not. x or 2. 2 days ago · In automated testing and web scraping, there are scenarios where your Selenium script may need to interact with **user input prompts** (e. Jul 23, 2025 · Step 2: Set Up Selenium WebDriver Selenium is installed and your WebDriver, like ChromeDriver, is properly set up. Includes code examples and best practices. exceptions import NoSuchElementException Nov 22, 2024 · Learn how to validate images in Python Selenium with practical examples. The following error was displayed. I created a test, but the problem is that our extension opens a new tab when it's installed, and I think I get an Sep 25, 2024 · Learn how to effectively handle NoSuchElementException in Selenium with Java. This method returns a list of matching elements. ofSeconds (seconds)); wait. Dec 22, 2024 · Selenium is a powerful tool for automating web applications for testing purposes. S_txt1') run this so that if the element is not found then the list will still be empty, the code will continue running. Apr 11, 2021 · Please use the explicit wait so that your popup window can come up and your selenium script can detect the element and click on it. After you have installed selenium and checked out - Navigating links using get method , you might want to play more with Selenium Python. I d I'm using Selenium IDE for Chrome and I'm trying to click somewhere only if a specific element doesn't exist. I am trying to handle it with below code, it works when element is present. One element may or may not be present. Learn what is Selenium Python, how to use Selenium WebDriver Python, and run your first automation script. For example, in the following screenshot, I have intentionally divided a number by 0. But why should you prefer ID? Jul 14, 2018 · @Tengerye when you pause a script, script will do nothing a given ammount of time (for example 10 sec). Discover how to handle missing elements in Selenium scripts using try/except and conditional operators. When combined with Python, a versatile and beginner-friendly programming language, it becomes even more accessible and efficient. To fix this, we use Page Factory, Waits, Loop, or Page Refresh. This is the simple code: w = webdriver. Aug 24, 2024 · While executing an automated test scripts, testers and developers often come across scenarios where test script fails abruptly due to exceptions like element not being found, invalid json, or element not visible, and many more causing the entire test suite to halt. Some elements, such as images or videos, cannot be scrolled. Explore explicit, implicit, and framework-based solutions for robust web automation. The implicitly_wait(10) line tells Selenium to wait for up to 10 seconds when trying to find elements. Selenium Python bindings provides a simple API to write functional/acceptance tests using Selenium WebDriver. Oct 7, 2024 · Common Exceptions in Selenium While executing an automated test scripts, testers and developers often come across scenarios where test script fails abruptly due to exceptions like element not Feb 7, 2018 · If you are going to use a CSS selector to specify a class, do it the proper way, div. Test executions can even be hindered by intermittent network connectivity issues. Aug 6, 2021 · I believe I've figured out a way to run a javascript command in the console and get a return value (using selenium, as in the question). This blog Dec 14, 2016 · The goal of my test is to assert that a popup does not appear after certain actions. Have a look at the documentation for the refreshed method. I just want to continue my Selenium IDE script on Firefox even there's an error or element not found. It waits for the element to NOT be stale, just like it waits for the element to be present. This actually waits and checks if the element in question has been refreshed during the specified timeout and additionally waits for the element to become clickable. Jul 14, 2024 · These top hits did not mitigate the issue. Dec 14, 2023 · Explore NotFoundException in Selenium: Discover its causes, including element absence and incorrect selectors, and learn effective resolution strategies. I will go for DOM element check Selenium is one of the traditional web automation frameworks that helps the testing team create and execute tests in a browser environment. Is there anyway that this can be achieved? Feb 25, 2015 · We developed a Chrome extension, and I want to test our extension with Selenium. ID, 'onetrust-accept-btn-handler'))). Aug 4, 2010 · Is there any way in either Selenium 1. To check that an element is present, you could try this. click() Mark it as answer if it resolves your problem. In this page someone can add role for users and if a role exists while adding it, an alert raises. Selenium in Python works with elements. Avoid common pitfalls and streamline your testing process. Or I missing something. I just imported: from selenium. By implementing an effective exception-handling mechanism, testers can control these failures, allowing tests to either continue running or fail Oct 11, 2018 · Continue to help good content that is interesting, well-researched, and useful, rise to the top! To gain full voting privileges, Jul 23, 2025 · This article shows a step-by-step tutorial on how to check if an element exists with Selenium Web Driver or not. For example clickable, or visible and so on. Here, we are going into more detail about Selenium time-out exceptions, how they happen, and how we can prevent them. StaleElementReferenceException: stale element reference: stale element not found The reason behind this behavior is that ‘Selenium python’ is the Oct 27, 2023 · Check if an element exists in Python Selenium with different techniques and methods and implement them for better understanding. You might have to tweak a few things in this code. To scrape such content, you need to **simulate user interactions** (like clicking a button) before extracting the data. Nov 18, 2021 · This is the website I am trying to automate some clicks: I have tried clicking the button using Xpath and FullXpath, but still got no luck. This exception occurs when an element on a web page has been modified or is no longer valid, but the automation script is still trying to interact with it. Mar 23, 2024 · Exception in thread "main" org. Mar 11, 2025 · In this example, we first import the necessary module and create a new instance of the Chrome driver. It means the element is no longer in the DOM, or it changed. selenium. These are just a few examples of how exceptions Apr 28, 2025 · WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait (driver,Duration. until (ExpectedConditions. Sep 6, 2025 · There are only 5 basic commands that can be executed on an element: click (applies to any element) send keys (only applies to text fields and keyboard interactable elements) clear (only applies to text fields and content editable elements) submit (only applies to form elements) select (see Select List Elements) Additional validations These methods are designed to closely emulate a user’s Sep 1, 2019 · selenium. For example, suppose in an automation script, the element to be clicked is visible only after checking a particular radio button. Selenium debugging allows you to identify and resolve these issues by systematically analyzing your code and execution flow. , authentication dialogs, dynamic data entry, or confirmation messages). Many modern websites use dynamic content loading—think "Load More" buttons, pagination, or interactive elements that trigger new data to appear when clicked. Apr 8, 2016 · I am having a trouble trying to figure out how to continue the script if an element is not found using selenium in Python. Aug 2, 2018 · I could not tell by the wording of the question, but if you did not want to run the rest of the statements in the loop after you found and clicked the element, add a continue after it passes to whichever example you chose, as such: If anything seems off to you, please feel free to write me at vlogize [AT] gmail [DOT] com. Timeout exceptions, missing elements, and script failures are common challenges that can disrupt the automation process. exceptions. Jul 23, 2025 · Selenium is a popular open-source tool for automating web browser interactions and it is commonly used in testing web applications. Oct 22, 2024 · Learn how to find elements by ID using Python Selenium. Selenium allows you to automate browser actions, interact with web elements, and perform a variety of tasks that would otherwise be time-consuming to do manually. If I only wanted to do that, I can do it with an assert: assert element not present I'm trying to write a test with selenium in python language for a web page that manages users. These prompts—often triggered by JavaScript’s `prompt()`, `confirm()`, or `alert()` functions—require your script to input text, confirm/cancel actions, and retrieve results to Dec 22, 2024 · Selenium is a powerful tool for automating web applications for testing purposes. WebDriver. find_element_by_class_name("class-name") break except: continue If there is no exception then the loop will break or else if there's any exception like the element is not found, then the loop will be continued till the element is founded. webdriver. You can check that easily with Chrome's developer's tool -> elements and then Ctrl+F to search for elements by ID, classes, xpaths, etc. In this guide, we’ll Jan 28, 2025 · The ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘Selenium’ occurs when Python cannot locate the Selenium library in your environment, usually because it is not installed or configured correctly. For example, repeatedly click on an element until a Jul 22, 2024 · Learn how to write your first Selenium script in Python. A common pain point for developers and testers is errors when using methods like `is_visible` (or Troubleshooting Selenium Webdriver Errors: No Such Element Found Let’s talk about Selenium Webdriver Error, specifically the dreaded “NoSuchElementException. Aug 7, 2015 · Use findElement s instead of findElement. x to scroll the browser window so that a particular element identified by an XPath is in view of the browser? There is a focus method in Selenium, but i Jun 9, 2023 · Introduction: Debugging is an essential skill for test automation engineers working with Selenium WebDriver. com/questions/18349435/selenium-ide-how-to-continue-script-on-element-not-found-or-on-error. Feb 18, 2025 · An essential component of exception handling in Selenium scripts is managing unforeseen issues to ensure smooth test execution. Apr 19, 2025 · In the realm of web scraping, automation, and web-based testing, Selenium is a powerful tool. WebElement. I don’t think I called and used the element at first place, and then how can it become stale if I haven’t called it yet. In this guide, we will discuss the Jul 22, 2025 · Resolve Selenium's NoSuchElementException by fixing ChromeDriver and Chrome version mismatches, and exploring alternative locator strategies like CSS selectors and XPath. findElements will return an empty list if no matching elements are found instead of an exception. May 26, 2025 · If the element is found sooner, the script continues immediately, so you're not always paying the full wait time. Previously to test if the popup exist, I have used exception handling. I use a . remote. visibilityOfElementLocated (By. Jul 23, 2025 · Debugging is essential for any developer, especially when working with Selenium for test automation. pip install selenium Step 3: Run the Python Script Create a Python script named extract_text. I tried like this, but how do I write Jun 26, 2025 · Step-by-step Python Selenium tutorial. The singular find element method will return a reference to the first element found within a given context. This beginner-friendly guide covers setup and basic commands, and in Selenium. While it allows developers to simulate user interactions with a web application through a range of browsers, it is not without its quirks. Dec 14, 2016 · The goal of my test is to assert that a popup does not appear after certain actions. Sep 5, 2018 · Try this, wrap your find_element_by_* method inside a exception block and handle the exception accordingly from selenium. I have been trying to work around w Selenium Element Not Clickable: A Guide to Solving the Problem Selenium is a powerful tool for automating web browser interactions. Mar 11, 2018 · I am trying to probe a page for if a particular element exists on the page as it will alter a condition in my process. py and include the following code. Element not present At times, the element’s visibility depends on certain conditions. There are many element locators available in Selenium, but finding an element by ID is one of the most reliable and most expert-recommended methods. Selenium provides a robust framework for simulating user actions like clicking buttons, filling the forms and navigating the pages. selenium class. Check if the element is visible on the page before interacting with it. driver. Jun 25, 2024 · When working with web automation using Selenium in Python, one common issue that developers often encounter is the StaleElementReferenceException. g. For example, if there is a class on another element called "loadingWhiteBox-abc", your CSS selector will find it since it's doing a partial text match when that's not the class you want. However, one common problem that Selenium users encounter is when an element is not clickable. Use the below code - WebDriverWait(driver, 15). support. But I'd still like to know how to do it the True / False way. find_elements_by_css_selector('div. We can get the size of the list with the len method. Jul 23, 2025 · Master Selenium waits to prevent 'element not found' or 'element not interactable' errors. Jul 10, 2025 · A step-by-step Selenium Python Tutorial to run your first automation tests in Selenium and Python using code samples and examples. This can happen if the element is hidden by another element, or if it’s located outside of the visible area of the browser window. interactions. Example: In this 0 We can also solve this with the help of and : Here's the code in python - while 1: try: driver. I tries to understand what moment determined that I start reference/call/use the element that is problematic, what I think I haven’t There are at least 2 more questions on the platform but none of their answers helped me. When a test fails, effective debugging techniques can help identify the root cause and Dec 5, 2024 · Explore a comprehensive guide on how to effectively scroll through web pages utilizing Selenium WebDriver in Python, with practical examples and alternative solutions. Also, all Chrome sessions have to be closed beforehand to get this to work. The element you’re trying to scroll into view is not scrollable. This does not necessarily mean that the element is visible. This exception occurs when WebDriver is Jul 13, 2020 · I work as a Software Engineer at Endtest. refreshed(). I'm using script with HTML format. Whether you’re testing a login form, validating dynamic content, or ensuring a button is clickable, incorrect visibility checks can lead to flaky tests, false failures, or script crashes. Jan 26, 2021 · When for instance element ID "PhoneNumber" isn't present, the script will stop with the error code "Unable to locate element", what needs to be added or changed in order to continue the script without abruption even if a certain element is not present? The find-element (singular) form throws an exception when the element is not found. Jun 11, 2025 · A stale element reference exception is thrown in one of two cases. expected_conditions as presence_of_element_located() which is the expectation for checking that an element is present on the DOM of a page. Feb 18, 2015 · PS: I divided my program for few scripts, one of them contains only selenium part, that's why I need login () function, to call it from another script and use returned object in it. To check if an element exists in Selenium Python, find the element using find_element () method. This exception typically indicates that Nov 13, 2025 · In web automation with Selenium, verifying whether an element is visible on a page is a critical task. --- Troubleshooting Selenium WebDriver Element Not Found Errors in Python If you’re working with Jul 21, 2023 · Often with Selenium i want to continually repeat an action, but where the success of the action is measured against a different element. Implicit waits are a simple way to ensure your script doesn't fail just because something wasn't instantly available. However, like any other testing tool, Selenium scripts in Python can sometimes encounter issues that require effective debugging and troubleshooting May 25, 2018 · hi I'm new to web scraping and have been trying to use Selenium to scrape a forum in python I am trying to get Selenium to click "Next" until the last page but I am not sure how to break the loop. find_element_by_xpath to find the element and it's works fine, but if Aug 2, 2018 · I could not tell by the wording of the question, but if you did not want to run the rest of the statements in the loop after you found and clicked the element, add a continue after it passes to whichever example you chose, as such: 6 days ago · In the world of web scraping, not all data is readily available on the initial page load. What is Selenium WebDriver? Selenium Web Driver is an important part of Selenium which is used to interact with web browsers. To open a webpage using Selenium Python, checkout - Navigating links using get method – Selenium Python . Just being able to go to places isn’t terribly Feb 2, 2024 · This tutorial describes checking if an HTML element exists using the Selenium Python package. Discover examples, best practices, and insights on the org. implicitly_wait(10) will set a 'mechanism' to wait for element to be interactable. This code cycles through reports, finds the refresh button and then clicks on the download the button. It also serves as a good example on how to properly wait for conditions in Selenium. This guide will walk you through the fundamentals of debugging in Jul 25, 2014 · I am new to Selenium and I would like to write a Python script that searches some keywords on google and automatically opens a page when the keywords are found. Jul 12, 2025 · Selenium’s Python Module is built to perform automated testing with Python. If anyone found that, please feel free to post. Aug 5, 2025 · What is a Stale Element Reference Exception? A Stale Element Reference Exception in Selenium occurs when a web element that was once found and found and interacted with is no longer valid in the Document Object Model (DOM) that means the element's reference has been become stale or outdated and it can no longer be interacted with the same way. find_element*. This value can be stored and Oct 19, 2012 · } The crucial part is the "chaining" of Selenium's own ExpectedConditions via the ExpectedConditions. element_to_be_clickable((By. Ok, unless I Jan 12, 2017 · 2 Overview : I have already prepared the automation script in Selenium Web driver script in Java which will login into a website and make the selections automatically and once the selections are completed it will run the report. I'm using Selenium IDE for Chrome and I'm trying to click somewhere only if a specific element doesn't exist. Why Use ID to Locate Elements? There are many different element locators available in Selenium. eiqbbwd rilrpv doy pivm zjnj udnhx xgjsf xmoe dhnlxo eiwqtq mewvuw eku buwjb sqfrhng wwcrht